Evolving Strategies in India’s Technological Self-reliance : Patent Policies, R&D Incentives, and Human Resource Development
Sunil Mani
Evolving Strategies in India’s Technological Self-reliance : Patent Policies, R&D Incentives, and Human Resource Development Economic and Political Weekly Vol.60; No.23 - 07 June 2025 pp. 52-61
India’s drive for technological self-reliance has shaped its development since the five-year plans began. This paper examines the evolution of this agenda through three key policy areas: patent policy, R&D tax incentives, and human resource development in science and technology. Early efforts focused on building domestic capabilities in sectors like agriculture, defence, and space by establishing public research institutions, encouraging corporate R&D, and creating public enterprises. Initially supported by regulated foreign technology transfers, India’s approach has since evolved, reflecting changing global and domestic innovation dynamics.
Economics
India
Technological Self-reliance
Patent Policies
Research and development
Human Resource Development
Public research institutions
Innovation dynamics
Evolving Strategies in India’s Technological Self-reliance : Patent Policies, R&D Incentives, and Human Resource Development Economic and Political Weekly Vol.60; No.23 - 07 June 2025 pp. 52-61
India’s drive for technological self-reliance has shaped its development since the five-year plans began. This paper examines the evolution of this agenda through three key policy areas: patent policy, R&D tax incentives, and human resource development in science and technology. Early efforts focused on building domestic capabilities in sectors like agriculture, defence, and space by establishing public research institutions, encouraging corporate R&D, and creating public enterprises. Initially supported by regulated foreign technology transfers, India’s approach has since evolved, reflecting changing global and domestic innovation dynamics.
Economics
India
Technological Self-reliance
Patent Policies
Research and development
Human Resource Development
Public research institutions
Innovation dynamics